Modal adalah bagian dari auxiliary (kata kerja bantu) sehingga dapat diperlakukan seperti kata kerja bantu. Adapun fungsinya memberikan tambahan arti pada kata kerja. Modal selalu diikuti kata kerja bentuk 1 tanpa to (infinitive without to).
A. Modal
1. Can, Could
a. Menyatakan kemampuan (ability), Menyatakan kemampuan.
Contoh : She can speak three languages lampau.
a. Menyatakan ijin (permission)
Contoh : She could swim well.
Contoh : Can I borrow your dictionary? She was young.
2.. May, Might
a. Menyatakan ijin (permission) a. Bentuk lampau dari may
Contoh : May I read this book? Contoh : She said that I might go home early.
b. Menyatakan kemungkinan (possibility)
Contoh : He may come late this morning
c. Menyatakan kemungkinan besar (strong possibility).
Contoh : She might be at home
today.
3. Must
a. Menyatakan kebutuhan (necessity)
Contoh : We must eat nutrious food.
b. Menyatakan kesimpulan (conclusion)
Contoh : He has been in England for year. He must speak English fluently
B. Modal Perfect
1. Must + have + V-3
Untuk menyatakan suatu kepastian atau kesimpulan tentang sesuatu yang terjadi pada waktu lampau. (past conclusion).
Contoh : The oil was frozen. It must have been very cold last night.
2. Might + have + V-3
Untuk menyatakan kemungkinan pada waktu lampau (past possibility).
Contoh : Lany came late this morning, she might hve missed the bus.
3 .Should + have + V-3 = ought to + have + V-3
Untuk menyatakan saran yang seharusnya dilakukan pada waktu lampau (past suggestion).
Contoh : Lena has an examination today but she saw the film last night, She should have been
studying for her exam.
4. Could + have + V-3
Untuk menyatakan kemampuan (capability) untuk melakukan sesuatu pada waktu lampau tetapi tidak digunakan.
Contoh :
We didn’t go out last night ; we could have gone to the cinema but we decided to stay at home.
Mrs.Nancy was rich; she could have bought a motor car if she wanted.
SOAL-SOAL LATIHAN
1. It ___ rain tomorrow.
A. may
B. should
C. would
D. shouldn’t have
2. You’ve got a lot of time. You ___ to hurry.
A. don’t have
B. do
C. have
D. may
3. They were plenty of tickets left for the concert. We ___ have bought them in advance.
A. wouldn’t
B. must not
C. could not
D. shouldn’t
4. I ___ to sit on the bus this morning because it was too crowded.
A. can’t
B. couldn’t
C. isn’t able to
D. wasn’t able to
5. He ___ not paint the whole building in one day.
A. should
B. may
C. shall
D. can
6. It’s raining very hard. We ___ go out.
A. ought not
B. don’t have to
C. can
D. had better not
7. There was a lot of work to do. He ___ gone home so early.
A. mustn’t have
B. might not have
C. couldn’t have
D. shouldn’t have
8. It’s very quiet here. The children ___ be sleeping.
A. should
B. must
C. must have been
D. could have
10. ___ you ___ long when he finally arrived?
A. Did; wait
B. Could; have waited
C. Had; been waiting
D. Have; been waiting
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